ALI MAHMOUD ASSABRI; MOHAMED AL-ISSAWI KAJMAN; ABDULBASAT ABDULGHAFAR ALFEED; NAJI ABDALAZIZ ALI. Heterogeneous Penalties in Unbalanced Transportation: Exact Linear Programming, Dummy-Node Equivalence, and a Penalty-Aware Ant Colony Heuristic. The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS), Libya, v. 2, n. 2, p. 34–49, 2026. Disponível em: https://easdjournals.com/index.php/oejas/article/view/90. Acesso em: 21 oct. 2026.