The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS)
The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS) (E-ISSN: 3062-3391) is a Peer Reviewed, open-access, International Journal. It is a Referred, Indexed, Online International Journal. The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS) is published as a quarterly Journal with 4 issues per year. The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS) offers fast publication of quality Research and Review articles. We also host International and National Conferences to publish their research work. The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS) publishes manuscripts (Original research, review articles, short communication and letter to the editor) on original work, either experimental or theoretical) from all disciplines including Engineering, Science, Management, etc. YAYIMCI BİLGİLERİ (Publisher information) Yayımcı Adı: İKSAD GLOBAL YAYINCILIK Yayınlayan Kuruluş: İKSAD GLOBAL YAYINCILIK İmtiyaz Sahibinin Adı-Soyadı: MUSTAFA LATİF EMEK Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü: ETHEM İLHAN ŞAHİN Editör: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Llahm Omar Ben Dalla OEJAS publishes one volume, four issues per year (each issue includes about 20-30 articles). Open Access The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS) is committed to open access, and all content is freely available to all immediately after publication. Copyright Authors retain the copyright of their papers without restrictions. License OEJAS applies the license of CC BY (a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license). For more information, please follow the link https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
European Academy of Science and Development (EASD)
Design and Implementation of an Adaptive Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System with Dynamic Threshold Optimization for Enhanced Energy Harvesting
This study presents the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a low-cost, adaptive dual-axis solar tracking system. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller and an array of four Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) to continuously orient a photovoltaic (PV) panel toward the maximum irradiance source. The core innovation lies in an adaptive control algorithm that dynamically adjusts sensitivity thresholds (tol) and response delays (dtime) based on real-time ambient light levels. This approach mitigates unnecessary actuator oscillations and enhances stability under transient cloud cover or variable illumination, a common limitation in fixed-threshold trackers. Experimental results, conducted over a full diurnal cycle, demonstrate a mean increase in output voltage of 26.5% compared to an equivalent fixed-tilt panel, with a peak performance gain of 30.3% at noon. The system's stepwise servo control and independent axis management further contribute to its mechanical reliability and reduced power consumption. With its emphasis on adaptive logic, cost-effectiveness, and robust performance, this system presents a viable solution for optimizing energy yield in small-scale and educational solar applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CFD-Based Analysis of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in a Sedan Model Using Passive Flow Control Devices
Aerodynamic drag on passenger cars significantly affects fuel efficiency and performance. This study reviews and synthesizes both experimental and computational (CFD) investigations on passive flow control techniques for reducing drag in a generic sedan model. Various devices such as vortex generators, diffusers, spoilers, flaps, and boat-tails are examined. We reference published wind-tunnel tests and CFD simulations to quantify drag reduction. Key findings include the efficacy of small flaps (gurney flaps) in reducing drag by up to 67.7% and vortex generators achieving modest reductions (around 4-6% for typical sedan models). Spoilers and diffusers can yield reductions of about 5-10% under optimal conditions. Combined devices often produce greater benefits; for instance, one study predicts nearly 19% improvement using a boat-tail extension. Experimental wind-tunnel tests have largely confirmed CFD predictions of reduced drag and fuel savings. The passive devices work by delaying flow separation and filling the low-pressure wake behind the car, thereby lowering pressure drag. Even small changes in drag coefficient yield fuel savings (e.g. a 5% drag drop can save ~3% fuel). This comprehensive analysis highlights that well-designed passive modifications can significantly improve sedan aerodynamics and suggests directions for combined device use. Future work should integrate these insights into production vehicles and further correlate CFD with real-world experiments.
The Green Algorithm: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for a Sustainable Research Paradigm
The contemporary scientific enterprise is situated at a critical nexus, tasked with accelerating innovation to address global sustainability crises while simultaneously minimizing its own ecological footprint. This paper investigates the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a key enabling technology to resolve this tension. Through a systematic review of current academic and technical literature, we analyze the integration of AI tools across the research lifecycle. The findings reveal a tripartite contribution of AI to sustainable science: (1) enhancing the analytical capacity for processing vast, heterogeneous datasets, which is critical for complex environmental modeling and socioeconomic analysis; (2) optimizing resource allocation and automating workflows, thereby significantly reducing the energy, material, and temporal costs of research; and (3) accelerating the innovation cycle for sustainable technologies, from materials discovery to smart grid design. However, the study also critically examines the inherent challenges, including the substantial energy consumption of large-scale AI models, the risk of perpetuating systemic biases, and the imperatives of ethical governance. We conclude by arguing that the responsible integration of AI into scientific research necessitates a strategic framework that balances technological advancement with robust ethical oversight and a commitment to "Green AI" principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Practical Implementation of Image Segmentation and Enhancement Techniques Using MATLAB
This paper explores various aspects of digital image processing through practical implementation using MATLAB software. The study begins with reading and converting a given image (Termal.jpg) into grayscale analysis and threshold determination using the variance growth method to isolate objects from the background. The final phase involves enhancing image contrast via histogram equalization, with previous processing steps reapplied to assess improvements. This study highlights essential techniques such as segmentation and contrast enhancement, demonstrating their effectiveness and application within MATLAB.
Green Finance and its Role in Improving the Performance of Green Banks: A Case Study of the North African Bank
The research aims to measure and analyze the extent to which banks adopt green financing strategies and to show the extent of the impact of green financing in improving the performance of green banks as one of the modern approaches in banking work. To achieve the research objective, a random sample was selected from the North Africa Bank - Sorman branch through a questionnaire that was prepared and formulated by reviewing previous studies and arbitrating them by a number of specialized professors and distributing them to senior management in the banks. The research sample is (50) questionnaires The questionnaire was analyzed, its results extracted, and conclusions reached. The most important of these is the lack of a clear understanding of the term green finance and green banks, as it is a new concept. A number of recommendations were also proposed, most notably a demand for continued government support through tax exemptions or financing grants for banks expanding green finance.
ELECTRICAL OSH MANAGEMENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR SMEs TO MINIMIZE WORK RELATED ACCIDENTS
This study aims to develop a strategic and sustainable electrical Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management model tailored for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to reduce workplace electrical accidents. Given that electrical hazards account for over a third of industrial accidents in Indonesia, the study identifies key barriers to effective electrical OSH implementation through a mixed-methods sequential exploratory approach. A sample of 27 SMEs in Yogyakarta was analyzed using surveys, interviews, and safety audits. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed nine critical inhibiting factors, including unsafe behaviors, lack of expertise, low motivation, and poor equipment maintenance. A five-phase management model was proposed and validated through expert and stakeholder evaluations, covering policy development, planning, implementation, inspection, and audit. The model was confirmed to be both practical and effective for improving electrical safety in SMEs..
Assessment of Environmental and Public Health Risks of Unregulated Solid Waste Dumping: A Case Study of the Sidi Khalifa Temporary Landfill in Benghazi, Libya
This study investigates the environmental and public health impacts of unregulated solid waste dumps in Benghazi, Libya, focusing on the Sidi Khalifa temporary landfill. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, including field surveys, interviews, and statistical analysis (SPSS), data were collected from 100 residents living near and far from the landfill. Results indicate significant environmental degradation, including air pollution from methane emissions (65% of respondents), foul odors (63%), and soil/water contamination (46–48%). Health impacts include respiratory issues (49%), frequent influenza (55%), and eye irritation (41%). Proximity to the landfill exacerbated these issues, with residents within 1 km reporting higher disease prevalence. The study underscores the urgent need for improved waste management policies, public awareness campaigns, and infrastructure development to mitigate risks. Recommendations emphasize stricter regulations, recycling initiatives, and community education to align with sustainable development goals.
Using Solar Energy in Remote Libyan Areas and Establishing Model Farms (Al-Saddada Area)
This study examines the potential for establishing solar farms in the Al-Saddada region of Libya, leveraging the country's abundant solar resources to transition towards renewable energy. Solar farms, often referred to as "solar gardens" or "solar fields," consist of arrays of photovoltaic (PV) panels that convert sunlight into electricity, typically with a capacity of at least 100 kilowatts. With Libya located in the sunbelt region, it benefits from some of the highest solar radiation levels globally, averaging approximately 2,500 kWh/m²/year and over 3,500 hours of sunshine annually. The strategic plan for Libya aims to integrate renewable energy into 30% of the energy mix by 2030, with expectations for renewable sources to surpass fossil fuels by 2050. The research highlights the importance of addressing environmental factors that could impact the efficiency and sustainability of solar farms, such as soil erosion, dust, and wildlife interactions. By managing these concerns, solar farms can enhance their operational capacity and contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of the electricity sector, which currently accounts for 36% of Libya's total emissions. The study is structured to provide a theoretical foundation, testable hypotheses, and analytical strategies, culminating in a descriptive overview of results and their implications for renewable energy planning in Libya. Ultimately, this research underscores the significance of solar energy development in the Al-Saddada region and suggests pathways for future exploration in solar farm implementation and renewable energy strategies.
Renewable energy in Libya: Assessing economic efficiency and its role in supporting sustainable development
The study aimed to identify the economic efficiency of using renewable energies in Libya and its role in achieving sustainable development, and to highlight the opportunities and challenges facing the use of energy in Libya. The study used the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire was designed consisting of 33 statements divided into three domains: (the extent of knowledge and importance of using renewable energies, the extent of potential using renewable energies in Libya, and the challenges of using renewable energies in Libya). The study concluded that there is a correlation between the knowledge and importance of renewable energies among the study sample members and sustainable development, as well as there is a correlation between the extent of potential for using renewable energies and sustainable development. Libya also has rich natural resources for renewable energies such as solar and wind energy, which provide great opportunities, to generate electricity in sustainable and clean ways, investment in renewable energies in Libya is limited to some remote or desert areas in providing them with electricity from solar energy, and there are challenges such as financing, technical, institutional, legislative, political and security that hinder the use of renewable energies in Libya.
The impact of sustainability on the economy and increasing production rates in industrial companies
This research delves into the intricate relationship between sustainability and economic performance in industrial companies, exploring how sustainable practices can influence production rates and contribute to long-term economic growth. As global industries face mounting pressure to reduce their environmental impact, the integration of sustainability into industrial operations has become a pivotal concern. The study examines the driving forces behind the adoption of sustainable practices, including consumer demand, regulatory pressures, and potential cost savings. It also addresses the significant challenges companies encounter, such as the initial costs of implementing green technologies and organizational resistance to change. Through a thorough review of existing literature, the research highlights both the economic advantages and hurdles associated with sustainability in the industrial sector. It provides an in-depth analysis of case studies from companies that have successfully adopted sustainable practices, showcasing how these practices can enhance production rates and operational efficiency. The role of government policies and technological innovations is also critically examined, emphasizing their importance in promoting sustainable industrial practices. In addition to analyzing the impact of sustainability on economic performance, the research proposes strategies for balancing sustainability with production goals. It offers insights into how companies can measure and evaluate the effectiveness of their sustainability initiatives, ensuring that they contribute positively to both environmental and economic objectives. The study concludes by underscoring the significance of sustainability as a strategic imperative for industrial companies, with the potential to drive substantial progress in both economic and environmental realms.
Measuring and evaluating sustainability initiatives
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened with Polyurea Coatings
We conducted a preliminary study evaluating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns retrofitted with polyurea (STPU) and glass fiber reinforced polyurea (GFPU). Experimentally, we conducted quasi-static, pseudo-dynamic and shaking table tests of RC columns having both circular and rectangular cross-sectional geometries. The data shows that STPU and GFPU both improve the demand of RC columns seismic value rustled displacement, energy dissipation, ductility and reserve capacity. A finite element (FE) model was developed and calibrated using experimental data with reasonable correlation between numerical results and experimental outcomes. The FE model indicates the superiority of circular columns over rectangular ones in terms of performance because of their cross-sectional shape, which possesses continuous surface geometry. These results emphasize the advantages of hybrid STPU-GFRP reinforcing in terms of RC columns’ performance regarding seismic loads, alongside acknowledging the versatility in structural retrofitting construction.
The Role of IT in Developing Smart Grids for Efficient Energy Distribution
This paper explores the critical role of information technology (IT) in the development and deployment of smart grids, which are revolutionizing energy distribution worldwide. Smart grids, by integrating advanced IT systems such as real-time monitoring, automation, and data analytics, address the inefficiencies of traditional energy grids while enhancing energy efficiency, grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. This research examines how IT solutions, including advanced metering infrastructure, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, and machine learning algorithms, enable more dynamic energy management and empower consumers to actively participate in their energy consumption through real-time data access and demand-response programs. Case studies from the United States, Europe, and China illustrate how IT-driven smart grids are transforming large and complex energy systems, offering better outage management and the seamless incorporation of decentralized energy resources. However, the paper also highlights significant challenges in implementing smart grid technology, including data privacy concerns, cybersecurity risks, interoperability issues, and the high costs of infrastructure investment. The findings underscore that while challenges remain, the integration of IT in smart grids is essential for creating a more resilient, sustainable, and efficient energy future.
Nanotechnology in Materials Engineering Innovations in Construction and Manufacturing
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in materials engineering, driving significant advancements in both construction and manufacturing industries. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, engineers can enhance the properties of conventional materials, leading to stronger, more durable, and more efficient structures. In construction, nanomaterials such as nanosilica, carbon nanotubes, and nano-coatings have revolutionized concrete, steel, and composite materials, offering improved strength, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. Meanwhile, in manufacturing, nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanocomposites and advanced materials with superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, which are essential for modern additive manufacturing techniques. This paper explores the latest innovations in nanotechnology within these sectors, highlighting the applications, benefits, challenges, and future potential of nanomaterials. The discussion also addresses the technical, economic, and environmental barriers to widespread adoption and the critical role of nanotechnology in fostering sustainable development in the coming decades.
Nanotechnology, Materials Engineering, Construction, Manufacturing, Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites, Additive Manufacturing, Sustainability, Innovation, Concrete, Steel, Carbon Nanotubes
Drone-Based Precision Agriculture Enhancing Crop Monitoring and Management
Precision agriculture has revolutionized modern farming by introducing data-driven methods that optimize resource use and improve crop yields. Among the various technologies employed, drones have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing crop monitoring and management. This research paper explores the pivotal role of drones in precision agriculture, highlighting their ability to provide high-resolution, real-time data that enables farmers to make informed decisions. The study discusses how drones contribute to more efficient crop monitoring, allowing for early detection of issues such as nutrient deficiencies, pest infestations, and water stress. Additionally, it examines the active role drones play in crop management through targeted applications of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. The integration of drones into precision agriculture not only enhances the accuracy and timeliness of interventions but also promotes sustainable farming practices by reducing resource wastage and minimizing environmental impact. The findings underscore the importance of drones in achieving higher crop yields, lower costs, and a more sustainable agricultural system.
AI-Driven Optimization of Renewable Energy Grids Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability
The integration of renewable energy sources into existing power grids presents significant challenges due to the variability and unpredictability of sources like wind and solar. This paper investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimizing renewable energy grids to enhance their efficiency and sustainability. By leveraging machine learning, predictive analytics, and real-time data processing, AI offers transformative potential in overcoming the challenges of renewable energy management. This research reviews current AI applications in energy forecasting, storage optimization, and demand response, highlighting both the benefits and obstacles. The findings underscore the importance of AI in achieving a more resilient and sustainable energy future, while also identifying areas for future research.
Blockchain Beyond Cryptocurrencies: Securing IT Infrastructures in the Digital Age
Blockchain technology, initially recognized for its association with cryptocurrencies, is increasingly being explored for its potential to secure IT infrastructures in the digital age. This research paper investigates how Blockchain's decentralized, immutable, and transparent characteristics can be leveraged to address the evolving security challenges in IT systems. By analyzing its application in ensuring data integrity, confidentiality, and system resilience, the paper demonstrates how Blockchain can redefine traditional security paradigms. It also discusses the limitations and challenges of implementing Blockchain in IT infrastructure, such as scalability and regulatory concerns. The findings suggest that while Blockchain offers significant advantages, its integration into IT security frameworks requires careful consideration of both its technical and legal implications. This paper provides a forward-looking perspective on how Blockchain can shape the future of IT security, particularly when combined with emerging technologies like AI and IoT.
A Comprehensive Review of Solar Energy Technologies: From Photovoltaics to Concentrated Solar Power
The global shift towards sustainable energy systems necessitates the effective utilization of renewable energy sources, with solar energy being a pivotal component. This comprehensive review examines two primary solar energy technologies: photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP). PV technology, which directly converts sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials, has advanced significantly, particularly with silicon-based cells achieving high efficiencies and cost reductions. Emerging materials such as perovskites promise further efficiency improvements. CSP technology, which concentrates sunlight to generate heat and subsequently electricity, excels in integrating thermal energy storage, providing dispatchable power. Despite higher initial costs and geographical limitations, CSP systems are advancing through innovations in high-temperature working fluids and storage solutions. This paper provides a detailed comparison of PV and CSP technologies, highlighting their respective strengths, challenges, and future directions. The analysis underscores the importance of both technologies in creating a diversified and sustainable energy portfolio, crucial for addressing global energy challenges and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulgader Alsharif, Abdussalam Ali Ahmed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0