The Open European Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research (OEJESR)
The Open European Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research (OEJESR) (E-ISSN: 3062-3383) is a Quartly, peer-reviewed, open-access publication encompassing a wide range of fields including acoustics, aerospace engineering, agricultural sciences, analytical chemistry, artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering, civil engineering, environmental sciences, materials science, and many more, offering comprehensive coverage and interdisciplinary insights into the latest engineering and scientific advancements. YAYIMCI BİLGİLERİ (Publisher information) Yayımcı Adı: İKSAD GLOBAL YAYINCILIK Yayınlayan Kuruluş: İKSAD GLOBAL YAYINCILIK İmtiyaz Sahibinin Adı-Soyadı: MUSTAFA LATİF EMEK Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü: ETHEM İLHAN ŞAHİN Editör: Dr. Zahraa Khduair TAHA Open Access: free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. High Visibility: indexed within Google Scholar and other databases. Rapid Publication: Manuscripts are peer-reviewed, and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 7 days (median values for papers published in the journal). Recognition of Reviewers: Reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC.
University Course Timetabling Optimization Using Binary Integer Linear Programming:A Case Study of the College of Technical Sciences in Bani Walid
University course timetabling remains a classic combinatorial optimization problem, and it sits at the heart of how academic institutions manage their resources. The task becomes considerably harder when operational constraints are tight: teaching facilities are few, lecture durations are fixed, and scheduling periods are limited. A wide range of optimization approaches has been proposed in the literature, yet comparatively few studies examine timetabling environments in which temporal structures are tightly constrained and institutional resources are scarce. This study presents a Binary Integer Linear Programming (BILP) model that generates conflict-free university course timetables while minimizing theoretical overflow into the laboratory. Binary decision variables are used to assign courses to specific classrooms and time slots. A thorough set of hard constraints governs these assignments: they guarantee timetable feasibility, prevent scheduling conflicts, enforce the exclusive use of classrooms and instructors, and reserve the computer laboratory for practical courses alone. The approach was evaluated through a real-world case study at the Department of Engineering Management and Administrative Leadership, College of Technical Sciences in Bani Walid, Libya. The department offers 48 undergraduate courses across eight academic semesters, taught by 13 faculty members. Its scheduling environment is notably restrictive: only ten weekly time slots are available, a consequence of a five-day academic week with two three-hour teaching periods per day, together with four theoretical classrooms and one computer laboratory. Under these conditions, the BILP model produced a completely conflict-free timetable with 96.0% overall resource utilization, zero hard-constraint violations (one controlled theoretical overflow into the laboratory was permitted to preserve overall feasibility), and proven mathematical optimality
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experimental and CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Twisted Tape Inserts
This study presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a double-pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape inserts. The primary objective is to quantify the impact of induced swirl flow on thermal performance and flow resistance. Experiments were conducted using water as the working fluid in a horizontal double-pipe heat exchanger with a constant heat flux boundary condition. The Reynolds number ranged from 10,000 to 20,000, ensuring turbulent flow conditions. A continuous twisted tape insert with a twist ratio of 4.7 was employed inside the inner tube. A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed using the standard k–ε turbulence model. The numerical results were validated against experimental data. The findings reveal that twisted tape inserts significantly enhance the Nusselt number by approximately 2.3–2.9 times compared to a smooth tube, while the friction factor increases by 1.5–2 times. The thermal performance factor exceeded unity across all operating conditions, confirming the effectiveness of the technique. The CFD analysis provided detailed insight into the flow structure, demonstrating strong swirl and secondary flow formation. The results confirm that twisted tape inserts represent an efficient passive technique for heat transfer enhancement in compact heat exchangers.
AI-Guided Adaptive Control Framework for Nonlinear Systems Under Uncertainty
This paper proposes an AI-guided adaptive control framework for nonlinear systems operating under external disturbances, measurement noise, and parametric uncertainties. Unlike conventional adaptive controllers that rely solely on instantaneous tracking error or predefined rule-based mechanisms, the proposed approach integrates artificial intelligence–based awareness to evaluate the dynamic condition of the system in real time. The AI module analyzes the tracking error behavior and system response patterns to generate adaptive signals that regulate the controller parameters in a smooth and bounded manner. The adaptive control law is designed to preserve the simplicity and reliability of classical control structures while enhancing robustness and transient performance. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is developed to guarantee boundedness of all closed-loop signals and asymptotic convergence of the tracking error. The effectiveness of the proposed AI-guided controller is validated through numerical simulations on representative nonlinear benchmark systems. Simulation results demonstrate improved settling time, reduced overshoot, enhanced disturbance rejection, and smoother control effort compared to conventional PID and rule-based adaptive controllers. A novel entropy-based awareness metric is introduced to quantify system uncertainty and modulate adaptation intensity accordingly.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Supply Chain Efficiency: A Systematic Review of Previous Studies
This study systematically reviews the impact of digital transformation on supply chain efficiency, addressing the research question of how digital technologies influence operational performance within supply chains. The methodology involved a comprehensive analysis of recent empirical studies published between 2018 and 2024, focusing on quantitative data that illustrate the relationship between digital transformation initiatives and efficiency improvements. The results indicate that organizations implementing digital technologies, such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and IoT, experience significant enhancements in supply chain efficiency, including improved data visibility, better demand forecasting, and reduced operational costs. The findings suggest that while digital transformation offers substantial benefits, the extent of these improvements varies based on organizational context and the level of technology adoption. The study concludes that strategic alignment of digital initiatives with business objectives is crucial for maximizing the benefits of digital transformation in supply chains.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Enhancing Sustainability in Scientific Research
This study provides a summary of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in enhancing sustainability in scientific research using a descriptive approach. AI also helps integrate various sciences to achieve sustainability. In this context, it is evident that incorporating AI tools into scientific research not only enhances the efficiency of research processes but also contributes to achieving sustainable development goals, opening new horizons for a more sustainable future. AI can analyze large datasets, processing vast amounts of environmental, social, and economic data, which helps researchers understand patterns and trends more quickly and accurately. It also improves resource efficiency by managing resources such as water and energy more effectively, predicting needs, and analyzing resource consumption, which reduces waste. Furthermore, AI tools contribute to developing sustainable solutions by innovating new technologies, such as improving energy efficiency and developing biodegradable materials, supporting the achievement of sustainability goals. Moreover, AI can be used to assess the environmental impacts of projects before implementation, facilitating sustainable decision-making and reducing environmental risks. It also enhances sustainable agriculture by analyzing crop health and guiding irrigation and fertilization, increasing productivity while reducing chemical usage. Additionally, AI applications can improve recycling processes by analyzing waste flows, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability. AI tools offer tremendous potential to enhance sustainability in scientific research by improving resource efficiency, analyzing environmental impacts, and developing innovative solutions. These applications support research aimed at achieving sustainable development goals, contributing to building a more sustainable future.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Electronic Accounting on Improving the Quality of Accounting Education in Libyan Higher Education Institutions: An Applied Study
This study aims to identify the impact of electronic accounting on the quality of accounting education in university institutions. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical method to describe and interpret the results of the study and to test the hypotheses using the (SPSS) program. The results showed the existence of a statistically significant positive effect of electronic accounting in developing the cognitive, practical, and ethical skills of students, and in raising their readiness for the labor market by providing them with advanced technical skills and reducing human errors. The results also indicated that the deficiency of technical infrastructure and the weakness of human qualification represent two main challenges to the application of electronic accounting in Libyan higher education institutions. The study recommended the necessity of updating accounting curricula to be consistent with digital developments, developing technological infrastructure, qualifying academic staff, and enhancing the integration between technical skills and professional values to ensure the graduation of cadres capable of competing in local and international work environments.
Accounting Disclosure of Green Debt Instruments and Their Impact on Investors’ Decisions: A Field Study on Sahara Bank – Sorman
This study aimed to identify the impact of accounting disclosure on green debt instruments and its influence on investor decisions. This was done by surveying the opinions of a sample that included bank managers and employees. A two-part survey was developed to reveal the relationship between disclosure and its impact on investor decisions. The study also used standard models to measure the impact of changes in disclosure levels on investor decisions, through correlation coefficient analysis and testing the validity of statistical hypotheses. The results also revealed that detailed and accurate disclosure of green debt instruments in financial statements improves investors’ ability to assess risks and opportunities, which directly affects their investment decisions. The lack of adoption by some companies of accounting standards for disclosure of Green debt instruments, which reduces the effectiveness of financial information provided to investors, and recommended the need to issue unified and clear accounting standards for the disclosure of green debt instruments, by regulatory bodies such as the Financial Regulatory Authority or accounting bodies.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality, Physical and Chemical Composition of Groundwater in Al Aejaylat Area and Health Risks
Engineering management is a pivotal discipline that combines engineering knowledge and management skills, with the aim of bridging the gap between the technical aspects of projects and the administrative aspects of business. This discipline is gaining particular momentum in countries undergoing development and economic transformation, such as Libya. However, understanding the precise needs of the local labour market for graduates of this discipline is challenging, particularly given the limited availability of reliable data and statistics. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the Libyan labour market's needs for engineering management graduates, highlighting the opportunities available and the challenges that exist. The methodology is based on a comprehensive review of the literature and previous studies, as well as an analysis of data available from secondary sources. The results show that there is latent demand for engineering management graduates in vital sectors such as reconstruction, major project management, and the growing private sector. However, these opportunities face challenges in the form of a gap between educational outputs and market requirements, a lack of awareness of the specialisation, and political and economic instability. The study offers a set of practical recommendations for relevant stakeholders, including developing curricula, strengthening partnerships between technical and vocational education and the private sector, raising awareness of the importance of the specialisation, encouraging entrepreneurship, and collecting accurate data, with the aim of enhancing the alignment of educational outcomes with labour market needs and improving employment opportunities for engineering management graduates in Libya.
The skill gap for engineering management graduates in Libya: analysis of local market needs and harmonization strategies
Engineering management is a pivotal discipline that combines engineering knowledge and management skills, with the aim of bridging the gap between the technical aspects of projects and the administrative aspects of business. This discipline is gaining particular momentum in countries undergoing development and economic transformation, such as Libya. However, understanding the precise needs of the local labour market for graduates of this discipline is challenging, particularly given the limited availability of reliable data and statistics. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the Libyan labour market's needs for engineering management graduates, highlighting the opportunities available and the challenges that exist. The methodology is based on a comprehensive review of the literature and previous studies, as well as an analysis of data available from secondary sources. The results show that there is latent demand for engineering management graduates in vital sectors such as reconstruction, major project management, and the growing private sector. However, these opportunities face challenges in the form of a gap between educational outputs and market requirements, a lack of awareness of the specialisation, and political and economic instability. The study offers a set of practical recommendations for relevant stakeholders, including developing curricula, strengthening partnerships between technical and vocational education and the private sector, raising awareness of the importance of the specialisation, encouraging entrepreneurship, and collecting accurate data, with the aim of enhancing the alignment of educational outcomes with labour market needs and improving employment opportunities for engineering management graduates in Libya
Analyzing the Efficiency of LED Lighting to Improve Energy Consumption and Reduce Costs in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of the College of Engineering Technologies –Al Qubbah
The lighting of educational buildings is considered one of the main factors in electrical energy consumption, accounting for a significant portion of the total energy used in such facilities. In light of the growing need to rationalize energy consumption and achieve environmental sustainability, Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology has emerged as an effective alternative to traditional lighting, particularly in academic institutions that require continuous illumination. This study aims to analyze the impact of using LED lighting devices compared to the existing fluorescent lighting devices at the College of Engineering Technologies – Qubbah, through a field study that includes evaluating energy efficiency, operating costs, and lifespan. Data were collected by monitoring energy consumption in a real environment using both LED and fluorescent lighting systems, and consumption levels were accurately measured to analyze the differences. The results showed that LED lighting devices offer significant energy savings of up to 50% compared to fluorescent lighting. Moreover, LED devices demonstrated a longer lifespan, which contributes to lower maintenance costs and a reduction in electronic waste. Additionally, LED technology provides more stable and higher-quality lighting, enhancing the learning environment and reducing eye strain among students and staff. These findings suggest that the adoption of LED lighting represents a sustainable and economical option for academic institutions and supports the college's initiatives toward energy sustainability. The study recommends the gradual implementation of this system across all college facilities, taking into account the long-term environmental and economic benefits it offers. Furthermore, this step could contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals pursued by educational institutions and raise awareness of the importance of energy conservation among students and academic staff.
College of Engineering Technologies – Al Qubbah
Composite Materials and Their Applications in Mechanical Engineering, An Analytical Study of Developments and Modern Trends
Composite materials are among the most advanced materials that offer superior mechanical and physical properties compared to conventional materials such as metals and ceramics. Composite materials are classified into three main types: fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP), metal matrix composites (MMC), and ceramic matrix composites (CMC), each with unique properties suitable for specific applications. These materials are characterized by low density, high corrosion resistance, and design flexibility, making them ideal for various applications such as aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and medical applications. Manufacturing techniques for composite materials include hand lay-up, resin transfer moulding, and 3D printing, with methods varying based on the material type and intended application. Composite materials outperform conventional materials like steel and aluminium in terms of strength and flexibility, although they are more expensive. They provide a good balance between weight and strength, making them suitable for applications requiring high mechanical performance. Key challenges include high manufacturing costs, complex production processes, and environmental sustainability. However, future applications are expected to expand into new fields such as renewable energy and eco-friendly technologies. Smart composites and sustainability are critical areas for future research. In conclusion, composite materials represent the future of mechanical engineering, offering innovative solutions to enhance technical performance
Air-Fuel Ratio Calculation and Lambda (λ) Analysis for Biodiesel Oils Combustion
This paper discusses the study of biodiesel types such as canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and biodiesel. The paper covers composition, balance of equations, air-fuel ratio calculation, and lambda analysis for the combustion of these biodiesel types. This includes detailed information on the mathematical conversions required to convert weight per cent to molar per cent and subsequent estimation of the elemental concentrations in biodiesel. The figures are also presented. In addition, it focuses on other works related to the composition, characterization, and production of biodiesel. The research paper provides a comprehensive review of biodiesel types, composition and associated temperatures. It provides valuable insight into the chemical composition of canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and biodiesel, which is essential to understanding the potential of alternative fuels.
Selection and Appointment Policy and its Role in Improving Institutional Performance: A Field Study on the Higher Technical Institutes in the Tarhuna City
This study aimed to identify the extent to which the selection and appointment policy contributes to improving the performance of the higher technical institutes in Tarhuna, the foundations upon which these institutes are based in the selection and appointment process, and the factors that may affect these foundations and determine the evaluation of the performance level. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach to achieve the study's objective. A questionnaire was prepared as the main tool for collecting data and distributed to a random sample (45) individual. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: the selection and appointment policies followed in these institutes are carried out through mediation, favouritism, and personal relationships. These administrations do not care about attracting the best skills and experiences, and there is also a lack of a fair system for the performance evaluation process, which makes the individual feel job dissatisfied with their job and consequently, their performance level declines.
Observer-Based Control Design for DC Servo Motors: Pole Placement and State Estimation for Enhanced Time Response and Stability Margins
Nowadays, both state and frequency methods have their places in the control engineer's design kit. In most cases, the frequency domain is a better way to define specifications. On the other hand, it appears that the state methods are suited to numeric work. This paper shows the linkages between the two. Pole placement requires that the whole state vector be available, a condition that is often not met in practice. This paper proposes a dynamic system called an observer to generate estimates of the states. Observer-based control has been applied to the control of a DC servo motor, where the estimates of angular position, the angular velocity and the armature current are used to generate the control signal. In this paper, we studied a design method that is fundamentally different from the classical methods. In state feedback, the controls are generated as a linear combination of the state variables. Observer-based controller has been successfully used to control a DC servo motor. The controller poles are selected to give good time response specifications and good stability margins.
The Future of Electric Vehicles: Innovations in Battery Technology and Charging Infrastructure
The electric vehicle (EV) industry is experiencing rapid growth driven by the global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Central to this revolution are advancements in battery technology and the development of a robust charging infrastructure. This paper explores recent innovations in battery technologies such as solid-state, lithium-sulfur, and lithium-air batteries, which promise longer driving ranges and faster charging times. It also discusses key developments in charging infrastructure, including ultra-fast charging networks, wireless charging, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. Despite these advancements, several challenges remain, including high installation costs, grid capacity limitations, a lack of standardization, and geographic disparities in infrastructure availability. Overcoming these hurdles will require coordinated efforts from governments, industries, and researchers. This paper highlights the future potential of electric vehicles and emphasizes the importance of creating a sustainable, accessible, and efficient infrastructure to support their growth.
The Role of Advanced Robotics in Enhancing Human-Machine Collaboration
The integration of advanced robotics into various industries is revolutionizing human-machine collaboration, enhancing efficiency, safety, and productivity. This research paper explores the role of advanced robotics in improving the synergy between humans and machines by examining technological advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and adaptive control systems. The paper also discusses the applications of collaborative robots (cobots) in industries like manufacturing, healthcare, and services, where they complement human capabilities. Additionally, the research addresses the challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions in human-robot collaboration, emphasizing the importance of developing intelligent and trustworthy robotic systems. The findings highlight the transformative potential of advanced robotics in fostering a collaborative future where humans and machines can coexist and thrive.
Innovative Applications of Swarm Drones in Disaster Management and Rescue Operations
In recent years, swarm drones have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in disaster management and rescue operations. These autonomous flying units, working in unison, offer unprecedented capabilities in real-time data collection, coordinated search and rescue missions, and infrastructure assessment. But how exactly do swarm drones change the game in disaster scenarios? This paper explores the innovative applications of swarm drones, providing insights into their current use, potential challenges, and future possibilities. By examining case studies and technological advancements, we aim to understand the transformative impact of this technology in saving lives and aiding recovery efforts.
Harnessing Offshore Wind Energy: Challenges and Technological Advancements
Offshore wind energy is rapidly becoming a cornerstone of the global renewable energy landscape, driven by the need for sustainable and scalable power sources. This paper delves into the multifaceted challenges associated with harnessing offshore wind energy, including environmental impacts, logistical complexities, and economic constraints. In parallel, it explores the technological advancements that are transforming the industry, such as innovative turbine designs, cutting-edge installation techniques, and enhanced grid integration solutions. These developments are crucial for overcoming existing barriers and unlocking the full potential of offshore wind energy. As the world seeks to transition to a low-carbon future, offshore wind energy is poised to play a pivotal role in the global energy mix, provided that ongoing challenges are addressed and innovations continue to advance.
Transforming Urban Mobility with AI: The Future of Smart Cities
Urban mobility is at a crossroads, with traditional transportation systems struggling to keep pace with the growing demands of city life. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a transformative solution, enabling the creation of smarter, more efficient, and responsive urban transportation networks. This paper explores the integration of AI into urban mobility, focusing on its applications in traffic management, public transportation, autonomous vehicles, and pedestrian safety. By examining case studies from various cities, the paper highlights the potential benefits and challenges of AI-driven mobility solutions. Additionally, it addresses the ethical considerations and future trends that will shape the evolution of AI in smart cities. The findings suggest that while AI holds significant promise for enhancing urban mobility, careful planning and regulation are essential to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes.