Ali Mahmoud Assabri, Mohamed Al-Issawi Kajman, Naji Abdalaziz Ali, & Abdulbasat Abdulghafar. (2026). Fixed Charges and Quantity Discounts in Unbalanced Transportation: Measured Limits of Exact Solving, an Amortized-Proxy Heuristic, and the Seed-Inheritance Anatomy of Ant Colony Optimization. The Open European Journal for Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (OEJRMBS), 2(1), 13-30. https://easdjournals.com/index.php/oejrmbs/article/view/88