ALI MAHMOUD ASSABRI; MOHAMED AL-ISSAWI KAJMAN; NAJI ABDALAZIZ ALI; ABDULBASAT ABDULGHAFAR. Fixed Charges and Quantity Discounts in Unbalanced Transportation: Measured Limits of Exact Solving, an Amortized-Proxy Heuristic, and the Seed-Inheritance Anatomy of Ant Colony Optimization. The Open European Journal for Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (OEJRMBS), Libya, v. 2, n. 1, p. 13–30, 2026. Disponível em: https://easdjournals.com/index.php/oejrmbs/article/view/88. Acesso em: 6 sep. 2026.