Ali Mahmoud Assabri, et al. “Fixed Charges and Quantity Discounts in Unbalanced Transportation: Measured Limits of Exact Solving, an Amortized-Proxy Heuristic, and the Seed-Inheritance Anatomy of Ant Colony Optimization”. The Open European Journal for Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (OEJRMBS), vol. 2, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 13-30, https://easdjournals.com/index.php/oejrmbs/article/view/88.